According to the Aether Physics Model, the dimension of subatomic particle mass depends upon the subatomic particle’s angular momentum.  This thinking is contrary to the mainstream view where particles exist before the unit of angular momentum becomes sensible.  In the APM, the first structure of physical existence is a structure of angular momentum.

Subatomic particle mass occurs within a quantum structure as a circular line (string) and moves perpendicular to its circumference.  We can call the circular string of mass the Ligamen Circulatus (LC), and the moving ligamen circulatus we can call Primary Angular Momentum.  The ligamen circulatus traces a loxodrome path as seen in the image at right.  When a quantum Aether unit does not encapsulate the ligamen circulatus, the LC existence is what mainstream science calls dark matter.  The Aether's encapsulation of primary angular momentum converts the dark matter into visible matter by combining the angular momentum with charges.

There are two distinct manifestations of charges, the electrostatic charge, and the electromagnetic charge.  The electrostatic charge is a direct property of the Aether.  When primary angular momentum is encapsulated in an Aether unit the primary angular momentum becomes associated with electrostatic charge from the Aether's electrostatic dipole.  Since the electrostatic charge is a property of the Aether, it has the same value regardless of whether it is associated with a negative electron or positive proton.  The electrostatic charge has spherical angle, one-spin geometry.

As the primary angular momentum spins within the five dimensions of the Aether structure, its interaction with the conductance of the Aether causes the phenomenon of electromagnetic charge (e_emax²).

Unlike the Standard Model of Particle Physics, the electromagnetic charge of the Aether Physics Model is not a calculus function of a moving, point-particle electrostatic charge.  The electromagnetic charge has structural surface area and takes the form of tubular cardioid geometry, which is geometrically equivalent to tubular toroidal geometry.  This toroidal electromagnetic charge shares the half spin nature of the subatomic particle.

Within the Aether Physics Model, we use a new tool for analyzing quantum structure named Quantum Measurements Analysis.  Quantum measurements analysis is similar to dimensional analysis, except that the dimensions are also associated with measured quantum quantities.  Therefore, we can produce the following quantum measurements for our analysis of the forces:

The electrostatic force carrier has the value of the elementary charge squared.  The electromagnetic charges of the electron, proton, and neutron are calculated from the angular momentum of the subatomic particle times the conductance constant of the Aether.  Following the structure of the electron angular momentum, the proton and neutron angular momentums calculates as their masses times the Compton wavelength (quantum length) times the speed of light.  The angular momentum values present as:

Thus, the electromagnetic charges of the electron, proton, and neutron are equal to their angular momentum times the conductance of the Aether:

Other key quantum constants, infamously known in the SM as “convenience constants,” present as Coulomb’s electrostatic constant, Newton’s gravitational constant, and the Compton wavelength (which is also the quantum length):

Another new constant in the APM is the strong force constant, which is also the quantification of the quantum Aether unit.  The quantum Aether unit also views as a quantum rotating magnetic field.