The electrostatic force, according to the Aether Physics Model, is the same as the static “electromagnetic force” in the Standard Model.  In the Aether Physics Model, the electrostatic charge shows specifically to have spherical angle and one-spin.  Although charge dimensions do not have inherent length, their distributed nature allows for distributed existence on surfaces.  A positive and negative electrostatic charge resides separately in each half of the Aether unit, creating the Aether electrostatic dipole (as seen at right).

In addition to an electrostatic dipole, the Aether unit also has four spin positions; one each for the electron, antiproton, proton, and positron.  When primary angular momentum inhabits any spin position, it interacts with the conductance of the Aether to produce electromagnetic charge.  The electromagnetic charge has tubular loxodrome geometry and in five dimensions of space-resonance (three dimensions of length and two dimensions of frequency).  The two dimensions of frequency in space-resonance are the frequency of forward/backward time and the frequency of right/left spin direction.

To our four dimensional space-time perspective, the electromagnetic charge has tubular cardioid geometry (the cardioid is seen when looking down the z axis, or poles), which has surface area mathematically equivalent to toroidal geometry.  Since the angular momentum producing the electromagnetic charge spins only in the forward direction of time, and either the right or left spin direction, the electromagnetic charge of each spin position has half-spin.  The electromagnetic charge produces north and south magnetic poles, creating the magnetic dipole of the subatomic particle.

Compared to the scanned surface of the electromagnetic charge, the ligamen circulatus that contains the very small mass of the subatomic particle, appears as being orthogonal to the electromagnetic charge.

The electromagnetic charge is the carrier of the strong force, which binds the subatomic particles in an atomic nucleus.  In the Aether Physics Model, quarks are not small particles composing protons and neutrons, but rather quarks are the debris of broken subatomic particles. The appearance of broken subatomic particles occurs when the Aether unit collapses (due to excessive stress and collisions) and the encapsulated angular momentum comprising visible matter spills back to the sea of dark matter.

Due to the movement of the LC, when two protons or two neutrons magnetically bind together, their toroidal geometries shrink in their major radius and expand in their minor radius, which results in spherical geometry.  While the subatomic particle is in its free state, the Aether unit force-constant prevails over the toroidal geometry, but as two subatomic particles bind, the geometry shifts to spherical, and the Coulomb constant prevails as the force mediator constant.  Therefore, the strong force can appear to have variable strength during the binding and unbinding processes.

In the APM, the neutron quantifies as a bound electron and proton, which captures dark matter between the two subatomic particles.  The captured angular momentum contributes to the total angular momentum of the neutron while it is bound.  When the electron and proton bind in a neutron, their north magnetic poles are facing each other, thus there is magnetic repulsion fighting against electrostatic attraction.  The magnetic moments of the electron and proton in a neutron cause the distance between the electron and proton to vary in length, as well as the angle between strong charges to vary.  When the two magnetic moments synchronize such that the electron and proton push against each other with maximum effect, the distances between the electron and proton separate far enough for the electrostatic bond to break.  The ratio of the electrostatic charge to electromagnetic charge is the so-called “weak force,” or weak interaction.  The relative strength of the force between the electrostatic and electromagnetic charges will vary depending upon distance, charge angles, and charge geometry; hence, the weak interaction will have a great range of values, depending on the conditions.